ISSN Print 2713-2757    ISSN Online 2713-2765
Extreme Medicine
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REVIEWED JOURNAL OF FMBA OF RUSSIA

New articles

Original research Transcription factors in human skeletal muscle associated with single and regular strength exercises
Lednev EM, Makhnovskii PA, Vepkhvadze TF, Sultanov RI, Zhelankin AV, Kanygina AV, Popov DV, Generozov EV
Skeletal muscle plasticity is the ability to change morphofunctional properties in response to changes in contractile activity. Strength training increases the size of muscle fibers and maximum strength with the activation of protein synthesis. Regulation of these changes at the gene level has not been investigated properly. This study aimed to identify transcription factors associated with changes in the transcriptome of the human skeletal muscle in the context of single and regular strength exercises. We assessed changes in the transcriptomic profile of m. vastus lateralis of 10 young men (mean age 23 (20.8 - 25.9) years) before and after 12-week leg extensor muscles strength training course, as well as before, 8 and 24 hours after a single exercise. Transcriptomic profiling involved RNA sequencing, search for binding motifs and the associated transcription factors. Bioinformatic methods of statistics, FastQC, GraphPad Prizm 8, DAVID, R enabled analysis of the data acquired. The strength training course resulted in the enrichment of the functional groups of genes "secreted proteins", "extracellular matrix" and "basal membrane" (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic responses and the associated transcription factors differed 8 and 24 hours after a single session as well as after regular training sessions. Transcription factors involved in adjustment to regular and one-time loads participate in myogenesis, angiogenesis, regulation of fiber phenotype, proteostasis and other processes. Thus, regulation of gene expression during adjustment to the resistance training loads is a complex process that involves many transcription factors with different functions. Investigation of the role played by these factors in the context of adjustment to exercising is a potentially rewarding task.
Received: 2023-07-21
Published online: 2023-09-27
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.031
Comments 0
VIEWS 6
Original research Computational red bone marrow dosimetry phantom of a one-year-old child enabling assessment of exposure due to incorporated beta emitters
Sharagin PA, Shishkina EA, Tolstykh EI
For residents of territories along the Techa River that was contaminated with radioactive substances in the 1950s, bone-seeking beta-emitting 89,90Sr were the main source of internal exposure of active (red ) bone marrow (AM). The dose of these radionuclides conditions the severity of leukemia risk for them. Improvement of the methods of internal AM dosimetry is an important task. Computational 3D phantoms of the skeleton sites are a component of the solution for this task. Simulation of radiation transfer in a heterogeneous bone model allows estimating the dose conversion factors from radionuclide activity to AM dose. This manuscript continues the series of papers covering the development of a set of computational phantoms of a reference human being of different age. The objective of the study was to develop a computational phantom of a one-year-old child skeleton for internal AM dosimetry (exposure due to incorporated beta emitters). Using the original SPSD (stochastic parametric skeletal dosimetry) model, we develop voxel 3D models of skeletal sites. Skeleton sites with active hematopoiesis were modeled as a set of phantoms of simple geometries. Distribution of AM throughout the skeleton and parameters of the phantoms were assessed on the basis of the published results of measurement done in real bones of children aged 9 months to 2 years. The generated computational phantom of a one-year-old child consisted of 39 segments. It simulates the structure of the bone tissue, location of AM, and population variability of the skeleton microstructure and size parameters.
Received: 2023-06-14
Published online: 2023-09-26
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.030
Comments 0
VIEWS 14
Review The effect of moderate and low doses of ionizing radiation on higher nervous activity of humans and animals
Atamanyuk NI
According to the available data, the effect of high doses of ionizing radiation on the human central nervous system (CNS) takes form of cognitive dysfunction and increased risk of development of malignant neoplasms. At the same time, there is a growing concern about the possible effects of low, moderate doses of ionizing radiation and chronic irradiation, on cognitive functions, as well as their potential long-term consequences manifesting as neurodegenerative diseases. There is both epidemiological and experimental evidence confirming that low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation affect cognitive abilities. The underlying mechanisms include disruption of normal neurogenesis in the hippocampus, development of long-term sustained neuroinflammation, disorders of synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, and oxidative status. On the part of CNS, the body is most sensitive to radiation during the period of active formation of the brain. Irradiated at that time, people may suffer consequences thereof for several months and years, or have them manifesting only much later, in old age. Improvement of radiation safety and development of means and ways of prevention and treatment of radiation-induced CNS disorders require further research efforts aimed at establishing causal relationships between chronic exposure to radiation and low-dose irradiation and their adverse effects on the part of CNS in the long term post-exposure.
Received: 2023-06-24
Published online: 2023-09-25
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.029
Comments 0
VIEWS 15
Original research Features of bioelectric activity of the retrosplenial cortex
Gulyaev SA, Khanukhova LM, Garmash AA
Human brain is one of the most difficult organs to study. The possibility of developing the technologies that have sufficient scientific accuracy and economic accessibility and never violate the moral and ethical standards of human society is of great interest. The study was aimed to study the possibility of assessing the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) structures’ activity based on the EEG analysis of brain activity in the alpha frequency range in 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 29.1 years, no acute central nervous system disorders or exacerbation of chronic central nervous system disorders, severe traumatic brain injuries, mental disorders or epilepsy. Significant source localizations were obtained by solving the EEG inverse problem that could be used for identification of the cerebral retrosplenial cortex structures’ bioelectric activity. The use of such technology will allow us to expand the scope of the research focused on assessing the brain functional activity in both research and clinical centers, thereby paving the way for understanding the features of the brain structures’ activity in physiologically normal conditions and in individuals with mental disorders caused by various functional alterations in the brain.
Received: 2023-06-27
Published online: 2023-09-25
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.028
Comments 0
VIEWS 18
View All
Submit Manuscript

Popular articles

Original research Neurophysiological method for studying changes in the brain’s default mode network activity
Gulyaev SA, Khanukhova LM, Garmash AA
Curiosity about the activity of neural networks in the human brain results from the search for definition of human self-consciousness as an identifier of human personality. Today, the RS-fMRI technology occupies a leading position among methods used to study this problem. The widespread use of the technology is limited by certain drawbacks. Starting from 2010, there is a growing interest in the possibility of using neurophysiological methods for the diagnosis of the brain's default mode network (DMN) state based on the analysis of EEG microstates. The study was aimed to demonstrate the possibility of recording the activity of brain networks both at rest and under exposure to the stimulus evoking a known response. A total of 42 people underwent assessment in the relaxed wakefulness state with the eyes closed that involved extraction of certain EEG microstate sequences and the EEG inverse problem solution. The data obtained were tested for adequacy via comparison with the results obtained by the preset stimulation of auditory and language function. The conclusion was made about the possibility of assesing the brain's DMN’s activity by combining the analysis of EEG microstates with the EEG inverse problem solution. The proposed technology can be used in both scientific research and clinical practice in the form of new techniques and systems allowing one to determine alterations in neuropsychological processes.
Received: 2023-02-08
Published online: 2023-04-16
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.009
Comments 0
VIEWS 389
Original research Mini-invasive transmitral myectomy and mitral valve replacement in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy case
Zemlyannikov ID, Tsaregorodtsev AV, Nguyen HN, Ferzalieva ZR, Drozhdina AA
Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an isolated genetic heart disease characterized by thickening of the myocardium in the absence of an apparent hemodynamic cause. There are two patterns of the obstruction: static, with a muscle band narrowing the outflow tract of the left ventricle, and dynamic, which implies elongation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. The key to correct treatment of the condition is understanding of the mechanism behind the obstruction. Myectomy is the gold standard of invasive treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; it aims to remove the static component of the obstruction. Another common adidition is the mitral valve surgery, aimed at elimination of the obstruction's dynamic component. This article presents a successful mini-invasive transmitral myectomy and mitral valve replacement in a case of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a damaged mitral valve.
Received: 2023-03-05
Published online: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.012
Comments 0
VIEWS 303
All News