ISSN Print 2713-2757    ISSN Online 2713-2765
Extreme Medicine
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL REVIEWED JOURNAL OF FMBA OF RUSSIA

New articles

Original research Assessment of the impact of retrocerebellar cysts in the brain on the cerebrospinal fluid system as a criterion of fitness for flight
Kolomiitsev VG, Gornov SV, Gornov VV, Burova IV, Eselevich RV, Litvinenko EA, Krupa RA, Karpenko DV
Retrocerebellar cysts of the brain represent the aspect that is important for determination of fitness for flight. The study was aimed to assess their impact on the pilot performance by conducting comparative analysis of MRI data of the first-year cadets and experienced pilots. We assessed the prevalence of retrocerebellar cysts among cadets and pilots, conducted non-contrast brain MRI, and compared the major academic and physical performance indicators, along with the results of professional psychological screen. The prevalence of retrocerebellar cysts among first-year cadets was 8.2%. High prevalence of asymptomatic retrocerebellar cysts among experienced pilots was revealed (two cases out of five). The intergroup comparison of indicators makes it possible to draw a conclusion about probable minor impact of such changes on fitness for flight. Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms underlying the impact of retrocerebellar cysts on the pilot performance and develop appropriate guidelines for medical boards.
Received: 2024-02-05
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2024.017
Comments 0
VIEWS 109
Original research Impact of persistent cold stress on spectral characteristics of EEG alpha and theta rhythms in military academy cadets
Tolstoguzov SN, Fisher TA, Naida YuV, Lepunova ON
The study was focused on the features of spectral characteristics of the EEG alpha and theta ranges in the military academy cadets undergoing specific training to improve cold resistance (cold exposure training). The study was aimed to assess the impact of the military academy cadets’ incremental exposure to the graduated cold stress (cold exposure training) on spectral characteristics of the EEG alpha and theta rhythms. Students of the civil higher educational institution and military academy cadets were assessed (58 individuals in total). Cadets underwent a specific program focused on improving cold resistance (cold exposure training). Background EEG in the alpha and theta frequency ranges was recorded. Statistical data processing involved nonparametric comparison using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results were obtained suggesting that there were significant differences in spectral characteristics of alpha and theta rhythms between the group of foreign cadets and the controls. The cold exposure training program was effective in the group of Russian cadets, which had an effect on the cerebral homeostasis stability with some degree of instability of neurodynamic processes in the CNS. In foreign cadets, regular cold exposure training resulted in the pronounced disintegration of cortical-subcortical and intracortical interactions, as well as in the formation of binary alpha-theta structure of background EEG.
Received: 2024-02-20
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2024.016
Comments 0
VIEWS 110
Review Essential tremor: modern view of the problem and new neurosurgical treatment options
Katunina EA, Gryaznev RA, Shipilova NN, Katunin DA, Malykhina EA
The review is focused on essential tremor (ET), the most common extrapyramidal system disorder. Current understanding of the disease pathogenesis is provided; issues of classification and differential diagnosis are discussed. Modern ET treatment methods include therapeutic approaches and surgical interventions. The benefits of the new ET treatment method, the magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound treatment (MRgFUS), are described; the world’s experience of using the method, indications and contraindications are summarized.
Received: 2024-02-28
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2024.015
Comments 0
VIEWS 136
Original research Results of ultrasound screening for hip dysplasia in infants
Mitryashov KV, Mitryashov IV
Hip dysplasia (HD) represents the congenital underdevelopment of the hip joint (HJ) being the most common orthopedic problem of newborns having the prevalence of 5–20%. Late HD detection is the main cause of coxarthrosis in young adulthood. The study was aimed to assess the results of ultrasound screening for HD in infants. The study involved 860 full-term infants aged 1–3 months (446 boys (51.9%) and 414 girls (48.1%)). All newborns underwent ultrasound imaging of the hip joint at the age of 1 month and the follow-up examination at the age of 3 months (Graf method). The χ2 test and p < 0.05 were used to compare the data. In their first year of life, 685 newborns (79.7%) had joints of normal or transitory shape, 161 (18.7%) showed physiological immaturity and 14 (1.6%) showed the HJ abnormality; the HJ immaturity and abnormality were more prevalent in girls (113 cases (26.3%)) than in boys (62 cases (13.9%)). The relationship between the breech presentation and the likelihood of developing HD was revealed (p < 0.001). Spontaneous improvement by the age of 3 months took place in the majority of infants having the ultrasound signs of HD, the rate of normal HJ increased from 79.8 to 94.5%. Ultrasound screening is an effective method allowing one to detect HD starting from the first days of the child’s life. The risk factors of HD are still female sex and breech presentation, regardless of the number of births. Spontaneous improvement following prescription of relaxing massage occurs in the majority of children.
Received: 2024-02-15
Published online: 2024-03-31
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2024.013
Comments 0
VIEWS 107
View All
Submit Manuscript

Popular articles

Clinical case Possibility of using submental flap for lower lip reconstruction
Danishchuk OI, Nazaryan DN, Karpova EI, Khachatryan AA, Razmadze SS
Head and neck reconstruction surgery is a challenging area of surgery that requires the surgeon to be familiar with various reconstructive options. Achieving both functionality and aesthetic harmony of facial proportions constitutes one of the most important aspects of the head and neck defect elimination. For that various methods are used involving application of local, regional and free flaps on vascular pedicles. The reconstructive method is selected based on the defect size, location, composition, as well as on the age, comorbidity, surgeon’s and patient’s preferences. Submental flap is a regional flap that has proven to be a reliable fasciocutaneous flap, the tissues of which are identical to that of the lower face in width, texture, and color. Long vascular pedicle ensures wide flap rotation arc, thereby allowing one to use the flap for elimination of defects of the upper and lower lips, mental region, tongue, floor of the mouth, and preauricular area. Damage to the donor site is minimal, it is cosmetically invisible due to the scar hidden in the mental region. The paper presents the results of surgical treatment of the 38-year-old female patient with the soft tissue defect of the lower third of the face and the lip resulting from trauma. The wound did not heal for more than six months, no improvement was observed. It was decided to eliminate the defect using a rotation submental flap. The patient was followed up for a year after surgery. We managed to achieve complete aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of the patient.
Received: 2023-08-18
Published online: 2023-11-01
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.044
Comments 0
VIEWS 481
Review Normal and disease-associated levels of specific IgG against food antigens
Patrakeeva VP, Schtaborov VA, Alesich RS
Tolerance to food antigens is essential for body’s sustainable development under constant antigenic load. Specific IgG against food antigens have been extensively studied in the literature over the recent years. The presence of those associated with various disorders and introduction of elimination diets for certain food products result in good treatment outcomes related not only to the gastrointestinal tract. Investigation of the impact of the long-term IgG-mediated hypersensitivity to food antigens associated with the increased blood-brain barrier permeability is also relevant when studying pathogenesis of the central nervous system disorders. However, identification of specific IgG in the generally healthy people having no history of allergy or inflammation currently provides no clear understanding of their nature and functional significance. Specific IgG are of great interest in terms of predicting the development of functional disorders, remission and treatment of disorders, changes in susceptibility to food antigens at certain age. The results of specific IgG studies are equivocal, which confirms the need to study their structure, epitopes capable of activating autoimmune processes considering the combined effects of medication, environmental conditions and social living conditions. The paper provides the analysis of the currently available research focused on studying specific IgG against food antigens. The data on identification of specific IgG in individuals with various disorders are provided, as well as the gender-related and age-related differences in antibody detection, the relationship between the antibody levels and the rate of food product consumption.
Received: 2023-09-12
Published online: 2023-11-27
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.049
Comments 0
VIEWS 453
All News