2023 / 02

Next Paper
DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.014

REVIEW

Metabolic syndrome: risks in youth sports

Pavlova AA1, Klyuchnikov SO1, Tarasova MS1, Feshchenko VS1,2, Zholinsky AV1, Parastaev SA1,2
About authors

1 Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia

2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Anna A. Pavlova
B. Dorogomilovskaya, 5, Moscow, 121059, Russia; ur.abmftrops@aaavolvap

About paper

Funding: the study received financial support under the State Assignment № 67.003.21.800 issued by the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia

Author contribution: Pavlova AA, Klyuchnikov SO — concept development, data collection, content analysis, article authoring; Tarasova MS — data collection, analysis of the literature; Feshchenko VS — editing, approval of the final version of the article; Zholinsky AV, ParastayevSA — approval of the final version of the article.

Received: 2023-04-05 Accepted: 2023-04-29 Published online: 2023-06-09
|
  1. Belenkov YuN, Privalova EV, Kaplunova VYu, Zekcer VYu, Vinogradova NN, Ilgisonis IS, et al. Metabolicheskij sindrom: istoriya razvitiya, osnovnye kriterii diagnostiki. Racional'naya Farmakoterapiya v Kardiologii. 2018; 14 (5): 757–764. Russian.
  2. Borchers JR, Clem KL, Habash DL, Nagaraja HN, Stokley LM, Best TM. Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Division 1 Collegiate Football Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009; 41 (12).
  3. Ministerstvo zdravoohraneniya Rossijskoj Federacii. Rekomendacii po vedeniyu bol'nyx s metabolicheskim sindromom. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. M., 2013. Dostupno po ssylke: https://mzdrav.rk.gov.ru/file/mzdrav_18042014_Klinicheskie_rekomendacii_Metabolicheskij_sindrom.pdf. Russian.
  4. Informacionnyj byulleten' VOZ «Ozhirenie i izbytochnyj ves». Dostupno po ssylke: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/factsheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Russian.
  5. Savina AA, Fejginova SI. Rasprostranennost' ozhireniya sredi naseleniya Rossijskoj Federacii: period do pandemii COVID-19. Social'nye aspekty zdorov'ya naseleniya [setevoe izdanie]. 2022; 68 (5): 4. DOI: 10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-5-4. Russian.
  6. Peterkova VA, Bezlepkina OB, Bolotova NV, Bogova EA, Vasyukova OV, Girsh YaV. Klinicheskie rekomendacii «Ozhirenie u detej». Problemy ehndokrinologii. 2021; 5: 67–83. Russian.
  7. Dedov II, Mokrysheva NG, Mel'nichenko GA, Troshina EA, Mazurina NV, Ershova EV, i dr. Ozhirenie. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (4): 311–25. DOI: 10.26442/20751 753.2021.4.200832. Russian.
  8. Proekt rekomendacij ehkspertov Rossijskogo kardiologicheskogo obshhestva po diagnostike i lecheniyu metabolicheskogo sindroma (3-j peresmotr). M., 2013; 103 s. Russian.
  9. Lyax VI, Levushkin SP, Skoblina NA. Tendencii izmenenii ̆ pokazatelya indeksa massy tela u detej, podrostkov i molodezhi v konce XX — nachale XXI veka. Voprosy prakticheskoj pediatrii. 2022; 17 (1): 185–9. DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-185189. Russian.
  10. Zdravoohranenie v Rossii. 2021: Stat. sb. / Rosstat. M., 2021. Dostupno po ssylke: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/ Zdravoohran-2021.pdf. Russian.
  11. Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics. 2011; 128 (Suppl 5): S213–56. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-2107C. Epub 2011 Nov 14. PMID: 22084329; PMCID: PMC4536582.
  12. Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative HIGHLIGHTS 2015–17. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/372426/WH14_COSI_factsheets_v2.pdf].
  13. Martynova IN. Shkola zdorov'ya dlya detej s ozhireniem v usloviyax detskoj polikliniki [dissertaciya]. 2019; 24 s. Russian.
  14. Anufrieva EV, Neupokoeva LYu, Kovtun OP. Tendencii rasprostranennosti ozhireniya u detej i podrostkov v Sverdlovskoj oblasti. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal. 2020; 1 (2): 5–9. Russian.
  15. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, et al. IDF Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents — an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007; 8 (5): 299–306. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00271.x. PMID: 17850473.
  16. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonising the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the IDF. NHLBL, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO. Circulation. 2009; 120 (16): 1640–5. DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644.
  17. Savva SC, Tornaritis M, Savva ME, Kourides Y, Panagi A, Silikiotou N, et al. Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24 (11): 1453–8. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801401. PMID: 11126342.
  18. Brambilla P, Bedogni G, Moreno LA, Goran MI, Gutin B, Fox KR, et al. Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006; 30 (1): 23–30. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803163. PMID: 16344845.
  19. Taylor RW, Williams SM, Grant AM, Ferguson E, Taylor BJ, Goulding A. Waist circumference as a measure of trunk fat mass in children aged 3 to 5 years. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008; 3 (4): 226–33. DOI: 10.1080/17477160802030429. PMID: 18608631.
  20. Xi B, Zong X, Kelishadi R, Litwin M, Hong YM, Poh BK, et al. International Waist Circumference Percentile Cutoffs for Central Obesity in Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 18 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 105 (4): e1569–83. DOI: 10.1210/ clinem/dgz195. PMID: 31723976; PMCID: PMC7059990.
  21. Eslam M, Alkhouri N, Vajro P, Baumann U, Weiss R, Socha P, et al. Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021; 6 (10): 864–73. DOI: 10.1016/ S2468-1253 (21): 00183-7. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34364544.
  22. Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Maev IV, i dr. Rasprostranennost' nealkogol'noj zhirovoj bolezni pecheni u pacientov ambulatornopoliklinicheskoj praktiki v Rossijskoj Federacii: rezul'taty issledovaniya DIREG 2. Rossijskij zhurnal gastroehnterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. 2016; 25 (6): 31–41. Russian.
  23. Liu H, Lu HY. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20 (26): 8407–15.
  24. Caballería Ll, Auladell AM, Torán P, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with thepresence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease in an apparently healthy adult population in primary care units. BMC Gastroenterology. 2007; 7: 41.
  25. Grishina ZhV, Klyuchnikov SO, Yashin TA, Makarova GA, Lomazova EV, Bushueva IE, i dr. Referentnye intervaly bioximicheskix pokazatelej krovi u yunyx sportsmenov. Voprosy prakticheskoj pediatrii. 2022; 17 (1): 71–78. DOI: 10.20953/1817-7646-2022-1-71-78. Russian.
  26. Mantovani A, Csermely A, Petracca G, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2021.
  27. Reisinger C, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Fredriksen PM, Goswami N. The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome-a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021; 45 (1): 12–24. DOI: 10.1038/s41366020-00713-1. Epub 2020 Nov 18. PMID: 33208861; PMCID: PMC7752760.
  28. de Ferranti SD, Gauvreau K, Ludwig DS, Neufeld EJ, Newburger JW, Rifai N. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2004; 110 (16): 2494–7. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145117.40114.C7. Epub 2004 Oct 11. PMID: 15477412.
  29. Koskinen J, Magnussen CG, Sinaiko A, Woo J, Urbina E, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Childhood Age and Associations Between Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Adult Risk for Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6 (8): e005632. DOI: 10.1161/ JAHA.117.005632. PMID: 28862940; PMCID: PMC5586423.
  30. Magge SN, Goodman E, Armstrong SC. Committee on nutrition; section on endocrinology; section on obesity. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: shifting the focus to cardiometabolic risk factor clustering. Pediatrics. 2017; 140 (2): e20171603. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017–1603. PMID: 28739653.
  31. Zaharova IN, Malyavskaya SI, Tvorogova TM, Vasileva SV, Dmitrieva YuA, Pshenichnikova II. Metabolicheskij sindrom u detej i podrostkov opredelenie. Kriterii diagnostiki. Medicinskij Sovet. 2016; (16): 103–9. Dostupno po ssylke: https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2016-16-103-109. Russian.
  32. Xi B, Zong X, Kelishadi R, Hong YM, Khadilkar A, Steffen LM, et al. International child blood pressure references establishment consortium. Establishing international blood pressure references among nonoverweight children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. Circulation. 2016; 133 (4): 398–408. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017936. Epub 2015 Dec 15. PMID: 26671979; PMCID: PMC4729639.
  33. Ministerstvo zdravoohraneniya Rossijskoj Federacii. Arterial'naya gipertenziya u detej. Klinicheskie rekomendacii. 2016; 34 s. Russian.
  34. de Simone G, et al. Hypertension in children and adolescents: A consensus document from ESC Council on Hypertension, European Association of Preventive Cardiology, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions, ESC Council for Cardiology Practice and Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology. European heart journal. 2022; 43 (35): 3290–301.
  35. Posohova NV, Bolotova NV. Ozhirenie kak faktor formirovaniya arterial'noj gipertenzii u detej i podrostkov. Pediatriya im. G. N. Speranskogo. 2015; 94 (5): 127–31. Russian.
  36. Gutiérrez-Rodelo C, Roura-Guiberna A, Olivares-Reyes JA. Mecanismos moleculares de la resistencia a la insulina: una actualizacion [Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance: an ́ update]. Gac Med Mex. 2017; 153 (2): 214–28. PMID: 28474708.
  37. Reinehr T, Roth C, Menke T, Andler W. Adiponectin before and after weight loss in obese children, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004; 89 (8): 3790–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031925.
  38. Malina RM, Morano PJ, Metal Barron. Overweight and obesity among youth participants in American football. J Pediatr. 2007; 151 (4): 378–82.
  39. Zong X, Bovet P, Xi B. A proposal to unify the definition of the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022; 13: 925976. DOI: 10.3389/ fendo.2022.925976. PMID: 35846321; PMCID: PMC9276932.
  40. Weihe P, Weihrauch-Blüher S. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnostic criteria, therapeutic options and perspectives. Curr Obes Rep. 2019; 8 (4): 472–9. DOI: 10.1007/ s13679-019-00357-x. PMID: 31691175.
  41. Neudahin EV. Hronicheskij stress v obshhej patologii u detej: voprosy detskoj dietologii. 2014; 12 (5): 44–49. Russian.
  42. Neudahin EV, Moreno IG. Uglublenie predstavlenij o nekotoryh mehanizmax formirovaniya hronicheskogo stressa. Voprosy prakticheskoj pediatrii. 2016; 11 (54): 28–37. Russian.
  43. Neudahin EV, Prityko AG, redaktory. Ateroskleroz — doroga zhizni ot zachatiya do starosti. M.: RadioSoft, 2021; 264 s. Russian.