2023 / 04

DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.056

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Clinical and laboratory predictors of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children under four years of age

Kozyrev EA1, Babachenko IV1,2, Orlov AV3, Martens EA1,3, Nikitina EV1, Tian NS1,2, Orlova ED1
About authors

1 Pediatric Research and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia

2 Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

3 Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Correspondence should be addressed: Evgeny A. Kozyrev
Professora Popova, 9, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia; ur.liam@aynehz_veryzok

About paper

Author contribution: Kozyrev EA — patient enrollment, literature review, data processing, manuscript writing; Babachenko IV — study planning, data processing, manuscript editing; Orlov AV — patient enrollment, manuscript editing; Martens EA, Nikitina EV — laboratory tests, manuscript editing; Tian N, Orlova ED — patient enrollment, manuscript editing.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of FMBA of Russia (protocol № 141 dated 03 December 2020) and the Ethics Committee of the St.Olga City Children's Hospital (protocol № 55 dated 30 March 2021). The informed consent in clinical research was obtained in all cases.

Received: 2023-07-23 Accepted: 2023-11-30 Published online: 2023-12-31
|
  1. World Health Organization. Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014; 34 p.
  2. World Health Organization. Pneumonia in children [cited 2023 Jul 07]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia.
  3. Federal'naja sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashhity prav potrebitelej i blagopoluchija cheloveka. O sostojanii sanitarnojepidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchija naselenija v Rossijskoj Federacii v 2022 godu: Gosudarstvennyj doklad. M.: Federal'naja sluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashhity prav potrebitelej i blagopoluchija cheloveka; 368 s.
  4. Gorbich OA. Jepidemiologicheskaja harakteristika i profilaktika vnebol'nichnyh pnevmonij u detej [dissertacija]. Minsk, 2018. Russian.
  5. Nesterenko ZV, Prokopeva NJe, Matalygina OA, Shestakova MD, Polunina AV. Vnebol'nichnaja pnevmonija u detej v period koronavirusnoj jepidemii. Medicina: teorija i praktika. 2021; 6 (4): 12–20. Russian.
  6. O'Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, Feikin DR, Hammitt LL, Higdon MM, et al. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study. Lancet. 2019; 394 (10200): 757–79.
  7. Bénet T, Picot VS, Messaoudi M, Chou M, Eap T, Wang J, et al. Global Approach to Biological Research, Infectious diseases and Epidemics in Low-income countries (GABRIEL) Network. Microorganisms Associated With Pneumonia in Children <5 Years of Age in Developing and Emerging Countries: The GABRIEL Pneumonia Multicenter, Prospective, Case-Control Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65 (4): 604–12.
  8. Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, Fletcher P, Harnden A, McKean M, et al. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. 2011. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax. 2011; 66: ii1–ii23.
  9. Dean P, Florin TA. Factors Associated With Pneumonia severity in children: a systematic review. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018; 7 (4): 323–34.
  10. Florin TA, Brokamp C, Mantyla R, DePaoli B, Ruddy R, Shah SS, et al. Validation of the PIDS/IDSA severity criteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 67 (1): 112–9.
  11. Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53 (7): e25–76.
  12. Williams DJ, Hall M, Auger KA, Tieder JS, Jerardi KE, Queen MA, et al. Association of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein with outcomes in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015; 34 (7): 792–3.
  13. Araya S, Lovera D, Zarate C, Apodaca S, Acuña J, Sanabria G, et al. Application of a prognostic scale to estimate the mortality of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016; 35: 369–73.
  14. Fernandes CD, Arriaga MB, Costa MCM, Costa MCM, Costa MHM, Vinhaes CL, et al. Host inflammatory biomarkers of disease severity in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019; 6 (12): 520.
  15. Barak-Corren Y, Horovits Y, Erlichman M, Picard E. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein for children with pneumonia. Acta Paediatr. 2021; 110 (3): 970–6.
  16. Agnello L, Bellia C, Di Gangi M, Lo Sasso B, Calvaruso L, Bivona G., et al. Utility of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in severity assessment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Clin Biochem. 2016; 49: 47–50
  17. Tatochenko VK. Vnebol'nichnye pnevmonii u detej — problemy i reshenija. Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2021; 66 (1): 9–21. Russian.
  18. Junkerov VI, Grigorev SG. Matematiko-statisticheskaja obrabotka dannyh medicinskih issledovanij. SPb.: Izd-vo VMedA, 2002; 266 s. Russian.
  19. Grigorev SG, Lobzin JuV, Skripchenko NV. Rol' i mesto logisticheskoj regressii i ROC-analiza v reshenii medicinskih diagnosticheskih zadach. Zhurnal infektologii. 2016; 8 (4): 36–45. Russian.
  20. Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H; WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ. 2004; 82 (12): 895–903.
  21. Legg J, Rampton C. British Thoracic Society paediatric pneumonia audit 2016/2017 Report. British Thoracic Society [Internet]. 2018 Jan [cited 2023 Jul 08]; 13 p. Available from: https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/quality-improvement/clinical-audit/bts-national-audit-reports/.
  22. Nascimento-Carvalho CM. Community-acquired pneumonia among children: the latest evidence for an updated management. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020; 96 (Suppl 1): 29–38.
  23. de Benedictis FM, Kerem E, Chang AB, Colin AA, Zar HJ, Bush A. Complicated pneumonia in children. Lancet. 2020; 396 (10253): 786–98.
  24. Ledjaev MJa, Shefatova EI, Zhukova JuA, Svetlova LV. Klinikoanamnesticheskij analiz techenija vnebol'nichnyh pnevmonij u detej v celjah optimizacii lechenija i profilaktiki. Lekarstvennyj vestnik. 2021; 15 (4): 35–41. Russian.
  25. Serebrjanaja NB, Shanin SN, Fomicheva EE, Jakuceni PP. Trombocity kak aktivatory i reguljatory vospalitel'nyh i immunnyh reakcij. Chast' 1. Osnovnye harakteristiki trombocitov kak vospalitel'nyh kletok. Medicinskaja immunologija. 2018; 20 (6): 785–96. Russian.