Funding: the study was performed as part of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research on the topic of the environmental immunology laboratory, Institute of Physiology of Natural Adaptations, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project № 122011300377-5).

Author contribution: Patrakeeva VP — study planning, data acquisition, processing and interpretation, literature review, manuscript writing; Kontievskaya EV — data acquisition and processing, literature review.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, the Ural branch of RAS (protocol № 4 of 7 December 2016, protocol № 6 of 14 February 2022) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, rev. 2013).