Funding: the study was carried out as part of the fundamental research program on the topic of the Laboratory of Ecological Immunology, Institute of Environmental Adaptation Physiology, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project № 122011300377-5.

Author contributions: Patrakeeva VP — study planning, literature analysis, data acquisition, processing and interpretation, manuscript writing; Schtaborov VA — literature analysis, data acquisition and processing, manuscript writing.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (protocols № 4 and 6 of 7 December 2016 and 14 February 2022, respectively) and carried out in accordance with the principles of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki (2013).